Periodontal epithelium provides a physical barrier to infection and has an active role in the innate host defense, because the epithelial cells are in constant contact with bacterial products 6. Periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, atheroma, oral pathogens, actinobacillus actinomyc. Periodontal perryodontal disease is an infection that affects the tissues and bone that support teeth. Periodontitis, a chronic oral infectious disease, appears to occur as a result of a dysregulated host immune response elicited by subgingival microorganisms occurring in the dental biofilm. Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis tulay yucellindberg and tove bage periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium involving interactions between bacterial products, numerous cell populations and inflammatory mediators. Periodontal diseases as bacterial infection introduction the term infection is used to refer to the presence and multiplication of microorganisms in the body 1. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of.
Biological concepts for clinicians pdf author nagihan bostanci isbn 3319537350 file size 1. The other, more serious, form of gum disease is called. Lee 11 virus and periodontal disease involvement of herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus, hcmv and epsteinbarr virus, ebv genomes of hcmv and ebv occur at high frequency in aggressive, hivassociated, anug, and advanced type periodontitis associated with medical disorders. It may form on teeth, mucosa or other solid surfaces. However, a clear causeandeffect relationship has not been demonstrated between treatment of periodontal disease and improvement of atherosclerotic diseases or outcomes.
Chronic adult periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. The first is called gingivitis, which is mild inflammation of the gums. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Periodontal disease is the most commonly diagnosed problem in small animal veterinary medicine. Lee 2 dental plaque biofilm infection ecological point of view ecological community evolved for survival as a whole complex community of more than 400 bacterial species dynamic equilibrium between bacteria and a host defense adopted survival strategies favoring growth in plaque selection of pathogenic bacteria among microbial community. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases this informational paper was prepared by the research, science, and therapy committee of the american academy of periodontology, and is intended for the information of the dental profession. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease bio accent.
To describe the prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases in children and adults. New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease antonio bascones, md, dds, phdvjorge gamonal, dds, phdmaria gomez, phdv augusto silva, phdvmiguel angel gonzalez, md, dds, the aim ot this study was to evaiuate the relationship between tbe accumulation of interleukins il1. Healthy gum tissue fits like a cuff around each tooth. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases pocket dentistry. Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease.
Epidemiology of periodontal diseases dania al agili, bds, ms, mph, drph cd 633 january 2009 lecture objectives 1. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of. The last 10 to 15 years have seen the emergence of several important new findings and concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases request pdf. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease kinane. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care. To know the definitions of prevalence and incidence in periodontitis. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge relating to the pathogenesis of. Whereas the activity of periodontal pathogens is required, their presence is not sufficient to account for the initiation and progression of periodontal. Sep 27, 2017 periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is a globally widespread pathology of the human oral cavity. Understanding periodontal pathogenesis is key to improving management strategies for this common, complex disease.
The role of immune system in the development of periodontal. Periodontal disease and its systemic associated diseases. Dumitrescu etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. Clinically, during periodontitis, the epithelium migrates along the radicular surface, with insertion loss, increased pocket depth, and bone crest loss, which can lead to tooth loss 15, 16.
Mar 22, 2014 periodontal disease pd is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease those results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. After that the bacterial activation of immuno inflammatory mechanisms, environmental. When someone has periodontal disease, the gum tissue. Adjunctive treatment modalities are also addressed in the book. Get 50% off quizlet plus through monday learn more. It is a stepbystep process that leads to the development of a disease, resulting in a series of changes. Destructive periodontal disease columbia university. Development of a classification system for periodontal. Indeed, approximately 10% of the global adult population is highly vulnerable to severe.
Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium and that bacteria are the primary etiology agents in periodontal disease. The term periodontal disease in its strictest sense refers to both gingivitis and periodontitis. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of specific. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease request pdf. Pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis intechopen. Pd is multifactorial, with significant involvement of host, environment, and bacterial factors. Therefore, periodontitis is the most severe and important kind of the periodontal diseases. This work aimed to synthesize the results of recent metaanalysis focusing on polymorphism in inflammatory mediators and its relation with the risk of periodontitis development. Periodontal disease is the numberone cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. However, a clear cause and effect relationship has not been demonstrated between treatment of periodontal disease and improvement of atherosclerotic diseases or outcomes. Oct 18, 2015 etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. We have no conflict of interest related to this work.
Etiology of periodontal diseases my dental hygiene education. There is little doubt that immunological mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease is strongly influenced by the interplay of hostparasite interaction as well as the host response to the irritating factor. White paper on prevention and management of periodontal. New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Their data suggested that cellmediated immunity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease 14. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases scielo.
Informational paper the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It is a stepbystep process that leads to the development of a disease, resulting in a series of changes in the structure and function. Tobacco contains chemicals that can slow the healing process. Periodontal disease is the scientific name used to describe gum disease. Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Start studying epidemiology of periodontal diseases.
Gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis there is a wide variability in terms of progression in different subjectsindividuals. These elevated markers have clear association with vascular disease, so treatment of periodontal disease may theoretically have an impact on cad and ischemic cns disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. Clearly, periodontitis histopathological appearance of the periodontal is the most significant of these diseases because it tissues and disease susceptibility. A systematic search was conducted using databases for publications prior to october 2016. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Abstract the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex. If you use tobacco, ask your dentist or physician for information about how to successfully stop the habit. Start studying pathogenesis of periodontal disease. You dont have to lose teeth to periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease pd is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. Treating periodontal diseases american dental association. Parashar a, sanikop s, zingade a, parashar s, gupta s 2015 virus associated periodontal diseases. Open access scientific reports scientific reports pen ccess volume 1 issue 4 2012.
Topics covered range from microbial pathogenic factors of p. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care 7 management of patients with dental implants 51 7. Concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The research focuses on identifying the pathogenassociated molecular pattern molecules pamps and virulence factors as well as host immune responses to these microbial products. Jan 18, 2018 these elevated markers have clear association with vascular disease, so treatment of periodontal disease may theoretically have an impact on cad and ischemic cns disease. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases flashcards quizlet. While the burden of periodontal disease on oral health has been extensively investigated, a possible specific relationship between the disease and systemic health is a relatively new area of interest. Muna s elburki 2018 the etiology and pathogenesis of. Periodontal disease is a complex, multifactorial disease that occurs in periodontal tissue 8, and most studies on the causes of periodontal diseases have mainly focused on the dominant bacteria. One such interaction is the possible modification of periodontal disease patterns in patients with sjogrens syndrome. According to merriam websters collegiate dictionary, the word pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. New interactions between periodontal disease and other systemic disorders have been the object of research in recent years. Periodontal disease and diabetes what is periodontal disease. Journal of dental hygiene supplement to adha access periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
In the presence of active disease, the epithelial migration causes a deep periodontal pocket. Introduction pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease flashcards quizlet. Most of the experimental and clinical studies ensure that a positive association between periodontal disease and heart disease has been found, once the confounder factors have been eliminated. The periodontal disease is conformed by a group of illnesses affecting the.
Section 2 goes on to detail the aetiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, describing the process of inflammatory response to pathogenic oral biofilms. If you have been told you have periodontal gum disease, youre not alone. The human oral cavity harbors a substantial and continuously evolving load of microbial species. Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the occurrence of a disease. The first challenge is to understand exactly what is meant by the term pathogenesis. Observations regarding periodontal disease treatment in dog larisa schuszler, roxana dascalu, adelina proteasa, daniel bumb, cornel igna banats university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine king michael i of romania timisoara, 119 calea aradului, 300645, timisoara. Jan 01, 2016 a model of the pathogenesis of periodontitis based on systems biology approaches should allow investigators to better communicate the interrelatedness of various biologic components involved in the initiation and resolution of disease. Evaluation of periodontal disease is less specific. Thus, the pathogenesis of periodontal disease lesions is in part dependent upon the virulence as well as the presence and concentrations of microorganisms capable of producing disease. Early histopathological observations described linear model of pathogenesis in periodontal disease. This book aims to provide clinicians with a refined understanding of the biology that underlies periodontal. After recognition and presentation of microbes to the appropriate cells, cytokines of the innate response, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin1beta and interleukin6, are the first to appear in the periodontal disease pathogenesis pathways. Pdf causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Models of periodontal pathogenesis pushpa latha t1, satyanarayana d2, rajababu p3, vikram reddy g4 abstract. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in. These deposits can be readily visualised with vegetable or synthetic dyes in disclosing solutions, and can become calci. Three examiners extracted data from articles with a clear association between. Most patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease can be adequately managed in primary. A and m in the serum and saliva of patients with periodontal disease. Periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is a globally widespread pathology of the human oral cavity.
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